The operational temperature of lithium-ion battery packs (BPs) plays a significant role in the performance of grid-connected battery energy storage systems. A numerical simulation with realistic fluid flow and heat processes is used in this paper to analyze the thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries. The thermal effect of the BPs is further modeled as an equivalent electrical circuit of lumped parameters, which also considers the channel width between parallel battery cells. As a result of combining the internal combustion engine cooling method with the thermal management model of the BPs, a thermal regulation system can be formed. A real-time implementation through OPAL-RT is used to test the various aspects of this proposed work.
